Iron-Jawed Angels

The Suffrage Militancy of the
National Woman's Party
1912-1920

Linda G. Ford

UNVERSITY
PRESS OF
AMERICA
Lanham, New York, London

Library of Congress Cataloging-in -Publication Data

Ford, Linda, 1949
Iron-Jawed Angels: the suffrage militancy of the
National Woman's Party, 1912-1920
299 p. 22 cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
1. Women-Suffrage-United States-History-
20th century. 2.United States-Politics and
government-1913-1921. I. Title
JK1896.F67 1991

Iron-Jawed Angels (1991) is a study of how the National Woman’s Party’s militancy evolved as a reaction to instransigent, male-centered government during the feminist movement of the early 1900s. The militant National Woman’s Party started out as aggressive political lobbyists in the era of progressive government reform. Their lobbying got sticky as they brought it into a period of intensive war (WWI) hysteria. What evolved was the use of an effective strategy of nonviolent civil disobedience as anti-government dissenters. Their feminist militancy and readiness to resist (government) authority and break the law for women’s rights developed gradually. The militant women represented a wide variety of individuals—scientists, pilots, homemakers, librarians and revolutionaries--all seriously committed to fighting the oppression of all-male government, and all in turn victims of those oppressors when they reacted to the threat of unnatural "iron-jawed" females by jailing, mauling and force-feeding them.

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